Issues Faced By ABC Company-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Examine the different Issues which are looked by ABC Company. Answer: Presentation ABC Global is a counseling business and it had workplaces in numerous pieces of the world. The point of the organization is to assist the customers with achieving the objectives in information the executives, mining tasks, corporate exhortation, investigation and some more. This paper will dissect the different issues that were looked by ABC Company in worldwide extension. The answers for these issues and issues are additionally featured in the paper. The report is a counseling report from the expert of the organization to the customer. In spite of the fact that the organization has recognized certain key objectives for extending in different nations, yet it was not viewed as doable. There was steep rivalry in the mining business and ABC Company needed to discover answers for beat these issues. The universal promoting chief of ABC Company had a few gatherings and conversations with the customers and the partners of the organization and he attempted to discover imaginative answers for additional extension of the organization. The crucial the organization was to assemble global income from all pieces of the world. The administrator likewise attempted to receive all the potential estimates which could be taken in order to extend quickly in different nations and social affair global income in a limited capacity to focus time. Despite the fact that the organization has embraced wasteful and ineffectual methods for additional development, yet the administrator led further examination of the organization and hence discovered further ways for expansion[1]. Issues distinguished ABC Company had intended to develop their business and increment the volume of deals and productivity of the organization. The organization has utilized certain techniques for actualizing the development methodologies and growing the business universally. The organization has utilized market extension as the development methodology in order to sell its items in the market. ABC has received this technique on the grounds that there was no space for additional extension in Australia. This is on the grounds that ABC Company didn't locate any new item or system to grow in its own nation. Writing audit Change in the board Change in an association is the stepping stool of development and extension for an organization each organization at one point needs to experience an adjustment in the administration which can offer ascent to a few issues inside the interior just as the outer condition. As per A compelling Change Management is gotten by utilizing a persistent and dependable system. A portion of the difficulties are obstruction, fretful conduct, inside clashes and so forth. These issues of the association ought to be dealt with by utilizing careful systems which ought to be defined out before taking the choice of change[2]. Transformational change the board Inspiring the subordinates is a significant activity of a pioneer. A pioneer can dispense both natural and outward inspiration among the individuals who admire the person in question. So as to start transformational changes, an organization needs to experience various exploration and formative strategy. Evaluation of the SWOT and comprehension of the state of affairs of the organization and its business condition assumes the key job in the transformational change. For the most part there is a hazard factor that is related with transformational changes and an arrangement and efficient systems are required to produce transformational changes. Administration assumes a significant job in this division as it control the individuals through the progressions that will realize a change in the administration. A solitary change doesnt change an administration system[3]. For a worldwide organization the difficulties become progressively mind boggling as the tasks of the administration are isola ted. The coordination and correspondence process with the pioneer and the chiefs at any level is viewed as the most significant viewpoint. Driving with a worldwide mentality Globalization has empowered organizations with assets to venture into the universal regions. Venture into the outside terrains require various methodologies for various country states and the individuals of those nation who will be utilized will be anticipating a pioneer or a style of authority that they are utilized to. There are nations which are accustomed to having a legitimate pioneers where as there are nations who welcome the pioneers being value-based and law based in nature. The organizations who are a worldwide player are seen to worker directors even in higher from the nation of activity. The higher administration of the organization ought to have a mentality to work and co-work with the other partner of the nation of development so as to guarantee the smooth working of the operations[4]. Driving change in worldwide groups The senior officials of the organization are by and large called TMT or top supervisory group, these are the individuals who are answerable for taking any sort of choice and strategy making changes in the association. Bizarrely relying upon the division and sections in the business the supervisors are set and this structure relies upon the nature and size of business. So as to fuse the progressions the organization needs to experience opposition and to battle the circumstance arranging and formal methodology is required[5]. The higher administration ought to be well are of the complaints and difficulties looked by the representatives in order to build up an answer and increment the dedication towards the change. Methodology of the organization Informal technique The informal procedure assumed a significant job in the worldwide development of business of ABC Company. The supervisors and the more significant position authority of the organization must know about their rivals to remain in front of them[6]. It is essential to comprehend the business and the issues that will rise in this industry. The verbal methodology gives long haul advantage to the business. There are numerous clients who buy the results of the organization based on referral by the earlier clients. These shoppers adhere to the item or the brand and they want to pick this organization instead of choosing other organization. By breaking down the contenders, the director would have the option to figure out what the organization is doing and what are the provisos of the organization. This will assist them with strengthening their business and along these lines effectively embrace the informal system. It is likewise critical to examine the necessities of the clients in order to ma intain the business effectively. It is additionally the obligation of the supervisor to monitor the clients about the surveys of the organization. This compelling and fruitful verbal technique requires a great deal of exertion and hard work[7]. On the off chance that the advertising director realizes the objective gathering, it will support him/her to dissect the preferences of the customer. In this way, the organization can fabricate the advertising system as needs be and offer types of assistance as indicated by the inclinations of the customer. Social stages The social stages are viewed as the most effortless path for direct correspondence with the focused on client gathering. It has been discovered that there are over 70% of the web clients who utilize online life. It is additionally significant for the supervisor to watch out for the brand advancement content on the web based life destinations. These substance sharing moves the clients of other barnd and they in the long run get pulled in to the brand. In addition, the achievement of informal advertising will increment if the feeling producers in the network impact the individuals and they shape the suppositions in the general public. Therefore, it tends to be said that the verbal procedure assumes a significant job in imparting the data to the crowd. It has been discovered that ABC Company is empowering the clients for the advancement of their item and the clients are likewise glad in sharing their experience. This is considered as the most compelling and amazing advertising strategy[ 8] The developing business sector, improvement in the business atmosphere, ascend in the buyer spending are the main considerations will help the business for worldwide extension in a limited ability to focus time. It is additionally significant that the organization must pick the higher specialists for example individuals who are occupied with the administration so that they have a decent instructive foundation in that specific field. This will assist them with solving the issues or to talk about the issues with the customers or the partners in order to discover further answers for the problems[9]. In addition, the individual should likewise have important involvement with that field so they can deal with any circumstance. Besides, the chief should likewise be sure when they are taking any significant choices. This is essential in light of the fact that the supervisors need to persuade the colleagues and the representatives so they can receive these means. There must certain competitor s in the group who can motivate different laborers or has the ability to persuade the colleagues. The new activities must be taken by the supervisor of the organization and they should concentrate on these activities before offering need to some other. Besides, ABC Company should likewise pick such troughs who can think something inventive and concoct stunning thoughts so the organization can extend all around in a limited ability to focus time[10]. Significance of intrigue an incentive for the business experts It is additionally significant that the top most pioneers of the organization must be of that specific nation wherein the organization was set up at first. This is fundamental in light of the fact that the pioneers will have an away from of the issues and dangers that will be looked by the organization over the long haul. This issue was looked by the supervisor of ABC Company in light of the fact that the chief was from South Africa yet she had worked in Australia with numerous worldwide groups on different undertakings, for example, retail, the travel industry. farming, money and agribusiness. There were some business experts who were occupied with the business due to their advantage esteem as opposed to proficient turn of events. This has helped the organization to assemble different tasks which were of various sorts and examples in light of the fact that there were differe

Oncologist paper :: treating cancer

Characterization of disease decides fitting treatment and decides the guess. Malignant growth grows logically from a change in a cell’s hereditary structure because of transformations, to cells with uncontrolled development designs. Order is m e as indicated by the site of inception, histology (or cell investigation; called reviewing), and the degree of the illness (called organizing). Site of Origin This grouping depicts the kind of tissue wherein the malignancy cells start to create. Here are some normal instances of site of starting point arrangement: Adenocarcinoma †begins in glandular tissue Blastoma †begins in early stage tissue of organs Carcinoma †begins in epithelial tissue (i.e., tissue that lines organs and cylinders) Leukemia †begins in tissues that structure platelets Lymphoma †begins in lymphatic tissue Myeloma †begins in bone marrow Sarcoma †begins in connective or strong tissue (e.g., bone, ligament, muscle) Reviewing Reviewing includes looking at tumor cells that have been acquired through biopsy under a magnifying lens. The variation from the norm of the cells decides the evaluation of the malignant growth. Expanding irregularity builds the evaluation, from 1 †4. Cells that are very much separated losely take after develop, specific cells. Cells that are undifferentiated are exceptionally anomalous, that is, juvenile and crude. Evaluation 1 Cells somewhat anomalous and all around separated Evaluation 2 Cells progressively anomalous and decently separated Evaluation 3 Cells irregular and ineffectively separated Evaluation 4 Cells juvenile and undifferentiated Organizing Organizing is the order of the degree of the sickness. There are a few sorts of organizing techniques. The tumor, hub, metastases (TNM) framework orders malignant growth by tumor size (T), the level of provincial spread or hub association (N), and far off meta asis (M). Tumor (T) T0 No proof of tumor Tis Carcinoma in situ (constrained to surface cells) T1â€4 Increasing tumor size and contribution Hub (N) N0 No lymph hub contribution N1â€4 Increasing degrees of lymph hub contribution Nx Lymph hub contribution can't be evaluated Metastases (M) M0 No proof of inaccessible metastases M1 Evidence of inaccessible metastases A numerical framework likewise is utilized to characterize the degree of malady. Stage 0 Cancer in situ (constrained to surface cells) Stage I Cancer constrained to the tissue of inception, proof of tumor development Stage II Limited neighborhood spread of harmful cells Stage III Extensive neighborhood and territorial spread Stage IV Distant metastasis A specialist who represents considerable authority in treating malignant growth. A clinical oncologist, or radiotherapist, works in treating malignant growth with radiation, and a clinical oncologist has some expertise in treating disease with drugs.

How to Write in APA Style

How to Write in APA Style On this episode, we discuss how to write and format a paper in APA style, which is most commonly used in scientific writing and social sciences writing in subjects like criminology, anthropology, and psychology.Specifically, we address the following topics:What is APA style?Why do we use APA style?What are the basic formatting rules? For example, it should be written in 12-point font, be double spaced, and have 1-inch margins all around.What are some APA abbreviation rules? For example, do not put periods in between letters of abbreviations unless its a Latin abbreviation or the words U.S. or U.K.How should I use charts and graphs in APA style? For example, text within charts and figures must be Sans Serif and be between 8 to 14-point font in size.What should my title page look like? For example, it should include the papers title, authors name, and institutions name centered and in title case.What is an abstract and what should it look like? For example, the Abstract paragraph is in 12-point font and is double spaced.What should in-text citations look like? For example, in-text citations should include the authors last name followed by the year of publication.How should the references page be formatted? For example, References should be centered at the top, without bold, italics, or underlining.

A Fools Payment - 947 Words

A Fools Payment A Fool’s Payment In the short story, â€Å"The Necklace,† a greedy and selfish woman brings financial ruin upon herself and her husband. They go from a comfortable lifestyle in a slightly shabby apartment to an impoverished existence in an attic apartment. Mathilde Loisel was born to a lower middle class French family, but she wished that she could have of noble birth. Her longing for a better life caused her great grief. When she could have been happy with her situation in life, instead she would dream of a grand home and wealthy, dignified friends. When she borrowed a diamond necklace from a friend and lost it at an elegant party, she brought downfall to her husband and herself. Not only does Guy de Maupassant use the†¦show more content†¦She also felt much remorse and often wondered â€Å"what life would have been like if she had not lost that necklace† (Maupassant 10). Perhaps though, the most regret was felt after she talked to her rich friend who revealed that the neckla ce had not been a diamond one, but a cheap bauble. All of the debt and problems that she and her husband had faced because of the necklace were avoidable if she had just told her friend of its disappearance earlier. Maupassant showed that the necklace was definitely not worth the ruination that it caused the Loisels. The poverty and want that was brought about by the necessity to repay the loans taken out to pay for the replacement could have been avoided. If Mathilde had not been so foolish as to attempt to be what she was not, rich, or had told her friend the truth, then she would have saved herself and her husband from the grief and ruin it caused. Guy de Maupassant showed that the necklace not only represented the greed, ruin, and regret of a woman, but it also symbolized the crushed hopes of a woman who wanted too much from life. Hopefully, most people are happy with what life has bestowed upon the. If not, they should not attempt to gain material possessions that will only bring ruin and suffering instead of love and happiness. Bibliography: Maupassant, Guy de. â€Å"The Necklace.† Literature: An Introduction to Reading and Writing Ed. Edgar V. Roberts and HenryShow MoreRelatedForte of the Fool Essay513 Words   |  3 PagesFeste is Olivias professional jester, or fool. He receives payment to entertain, sing, and make satirical observations. This license allows him to freely speak his opinion. In Shakespeares Twelfth Night, there is certainly no shortage of Festes opinion. The fool easily assesses the faults, idiocy, and disguises of all those around him. It is through his insightful interpretation of the characters that we are able to understand that the fool is more than likely the most intelligent personRead MoreOverview of Life Insurance Policies1049 Words   |  4 PagesAccumulated value of the annual premiums that he puts in for 20 years is $ 7985. The method then adds the dividends to the policys total cash value and subtracts this value from the total premiums to determine the net cost of the policy. (The Motley Fool) The policys total Cash value at end of 20 years is $3620. $1613+ $3620= $5233. $7985 (total premiums) - $5233 = $2752. This is the net cost of the policy. To determine the net cost per $1,000 that the policy holder puts in, the company dividesRead MoreEssay941 Words   |  4 Pagesthoughts to consider wisdom, and also madness and folly. What more can the king’s successor do than what has already been done? I saw that wisdom is better than folly, just as light is better than darkness. The wise have eyes in their heads, while the fool walks in the darkness...† (Ecclesiastes 2:12-14a NIV). The first thing that he acknowledges, is that the â€Å"wise† man is able to perceive and examine life. Because of this light, the â€Å"wise† man is able to live a more fertile life. On the other hand,Read MoreThe Mortgage Crisis And Attendant Real Estate Collapse Of The Late 2000s Crisis1543 Words   |  7 Pagesthem here to make the point of three lessons to be learned. Too Good to Be True If something seems too good to be true, it probably is. Prior to the real estate meltdown, buyers were signing house notes with no down payments, without providing proof of income, and with loan payments that accounted for in excess of 50% of their take home pay. As Andrew Hallam notes in his book Millionaire Teacher, a contributing factor of the economic crisis was that buyers were simply signing up for more house thanRead MoreTraditional Net Cost Method of Accounting1142 Words   |  5 Pagesannual premiums that she puts in for 20 years is $ 4314. The traditional net cost method then adds the dividends to the policys total cash value and subtracts this value from the total premiums to determine the net cost of the policy. (The Motley Fool) Thus: $814 +$ 4314 (total cash-value)= $5128 $5128- $ 4314 (total premiums)= $814 The net cost of Nicholes policy would be $814 To determine the net cost per $1,000 for Nichols policy, the company divides the result (i.e. $814) by the numberRead MoreThe Ethics Of A Christian Coach1671 Words   |  7 Pagestime, because it builds up interest from month to month if the balance is not paid in full each month. We discussed multiple options for reducing credit card debt, including paying off smaller card balances first then moving that payment in addition to the normal payment to the next smaller balance card, and continuing this rotation until all credit card debt is paid off, thus freeing up more money for such things as savings, investment, or retirement funds. Another option is only using credit cardsRead MoreHow Budgeting And Spending Habits1670 Words   |  7 Pages A Fool And His Money Are Soon Parted by Thomas Tusser Tera L. Overcast-Davis Daymar College The safest way to double your money is to fold it over and put it in your pocket. I think sometimes this is the best thing to do when learning of a new tax that I am going to have to pay or some expense that I did not plan on paying. In reality, a person does not want to stick their head in the sand but to plan short and long term goals so that he or she is preparedRead MoreThe Merchant of Venice Is a Tragicomedy....I Got 32/35 so Its a Good Essay1558 Words   |  7 Pagesof man’s flesh taken from a man,† Antonio was sure that he would have gotten his ships a month before his payment day was sue, however, this did not happen. This is seen when Bassanio read a letter that says, â€Å"Sweet Bassanio, my ships have all miscarried†¦my bond to the Jew is forfeit,† Antonio now owes Shylock a pound of his flesh. Antonio tries to convince Shylock to other means of payment, but Shylock refuses. This is seen when Antonio says, â€Å"I pray thee hear me speak,† and Antonio replies, â€Å"I’llRead MoreOrganizational Control1411 Words   |  6 Pagesassets to pay claims on short-term debts without selling inventory. The ratio expression indicates how much money is available versus how much short term debt is outstanding. A ratio of 2:1 indicates $2 in assets for every $1 in debt. The Motley Fool dissects Real Networks stock performance while determining whether or not to sell the stock. One positive sign for the company is a high current ratio – 3.13 (Phillips, 2011). However, while the company has â€Å"miniscule† debt, the company’s equityRead MoreQuestions and Answers: Criminal Justice967 Words   |  4 Pagesapproved vendor list †¢ Independently verify all vendors before payment †¢ Identifying shell company invoices – Lack of detail on the fraudulent invoice – Invoice that lacks detailed descriptions of the items billed – Mailing address may be an indicator of fraud – Consecutively numbered invoices over a period of time – Reviewing payables and sorting payments by vendor and invoice number †¢ Testing for shell company schemes

Childhood Obesity A Serious Problem - 1411 Words

We are what we eat. Most of us have heard this many times, and just do not believe it; however, it is shockingly true. The human body is made up of the nutrients it extracts from foods (Katz). The importance of the statement â€Å"We are what we eat† often goes unrecognized, thus causing a major problem: parents not providing healthy diets for their children to ensure their best quality of life. Childhood obesity is a serious problem in America, and I believe it stems from parents. I have witnessed this first hand with my niece. It really bothers me that my sister-in-law often feeds my niece desserts and junk food instead of meats and vegetables. I have noticed that my niece is overweight and developing slower than she should. My family thinks it is cute, but I think it is starting her off in the wrong direction and posing problems for her future health. â€Å"For children and adolescents aged 2-19 years, the prevalence of obesity has remained fairly stable at about 17% and a ffects about 12.7 million children and adolescents for the past decade†(â€Å"Childhood Obesity Facts†). The number one cause for obesity is consuming an unhealthy diet filled with extra calories the body does not need. In a study of 6,212 children ranging in ages from four to nineteen, one-third ate fast food every day. By consuming fast food that often, it is likely to add about six extra pounds per child each year and increase the risk for obesity (Holguin). Although childhood obesity is problematic, there areShow MoreRelatedChildhood Obesity : A Serious Problem2903 Words   |  12 PagesINTRODUCTION (PROBLEM STATEMENT) Obesity does not exist among older people only. It can be seen among children and young adults. Childhood obesity is in fact â€Å"a medical condition that affects children and teenagers† (What is Childhood Obesity). Childhood obesity is a very serious problem that every single person throughout the world should know about and also aware of. However, some people might wonder and ask â€Å"what does overweight has to do with Childhood obesity?† According to the Childhood obesity foundationRead MoreChildhood Obesity : A Serious Problem1221 Words   |  5 PagesObesity is not only found amongst children, it is also found in pre-teen to teenage years as well. Childhood years are the most important period of a kids life, were they learn behavior and mold into the adult they will become. Starting bad eating habits early in the childhood years sets them up for more complications later in their lives. One out of three children in the U.S are obese, which most of them will end up facing a greater risk of having medical, social, emotional problems some even endRead MoreChildhood Obesity : A Serious Problem1918 Words   |  8 PagesChildhood obesity is a serious problem in the United States and it is putting numerous children at risk of health issues in the future. According to the Merriam Webster dictionary, obesity is â€Å"a condition characterized by the excessive accumulation and storage of fat in the body† (â€Å"Obesity†). The rate of obesity has grown tremendously; in fact it is now being called an epidemic. There are several factors that come into play to cause children’s obesity to increase. American children are no longerRead MoreChildhood Obesity : A Serious Health Problem Essay1459 Words   |  6 Pages Childhood obesity is a serious health problem that is associated with future diseases. Early mortality is also a result of childhood obesity. An obese child is more likely to develop chronic diseases in adulthood (Hood, Emie, 2005).Having obesity can increase the likelihood of Type 2 diabetes, kidney diseases, high cholesterol, cardiovascular diseases, sleep apnea, liver diseases, orthopedics problems, and cancer (Sahoo, Sahoo, Choudhury, SufiRead MoreWhy childhood Obesity is Becoming serious Problem?900 Words   |  4 Pages Why childhood Obesity is Becoming serious Problem? Obesity is a serious problem in the United States. Obesity may have serious effects on children, and childhood obesity affect them in their adulthood. Our family friend’s son is ten years old and at least twenty pounds overweight .When I saw him the first time, several questions arose in my mind about his overweight. Why does he become obese? What are the cause and effect of obesity? How does it show up at the symptom of obesity? They live closeRead MoreChildhood Obesity : A Serious Public Health Problem3682 Words   |  15 PagesIntroduction Childhood obesity is a serious public health problem in Canada that needs to be addressed in a timely manner. For the past few decades, the prevalence of childhood obesity in Canada has been on a steady rise, and up until now, it is still increasing and becoming an epidemic. Canada was ranked as the third most overweight and obese G-7 nation in 2005, following United States and the United Kingdom (ref?). The rise in the prevalence of childhood obesity in Canada between 1978 to 2004Read MoreChildhood Obesity : One Of The Most Serious Public Health Problem981 Words   |  4 PagesChildhood obesity is one of the most serious public health problems in the 21st century. According to PMC, the US Library of National Health and Medicine and National Institutes of Health, over 42 million children under the age of five are obese worldwide in 2010, and that number continues to ascend at an alarming rate. Obesity occurs the body stores an excess amount of fat, and is more than what the person n eeds to survive. Some scientists have argued that males are considered obese when they areRead MoreEssay about Childhood Obesity1310 Words   |  6 PagesPreparation Outline: Vitalba Evola Topic: Childhood Obesity General Purpose: To inform Specific Purpose: To inform my audience of two prevalent causes of childhood obesity. Thesis Statement: While there are many causes of childhood obesity, most are, in fact, preventable. Introduction I. Attention Getting Device: Our society has become a classic case of â€Å"Battle of the Bulge,† as our society now has an alarming number of obese individuals. But this isn’t from World War II; itRead MoreChildhood Obesity : A Serious Medical Condition That Affects Children And Adolescents878 Words   |  4 Pages Research Paper on Childhood Obesity Childhood obesity is a serious medical condition that affects children and adolescents. It occurs when a child is overweight and well over the normal weight for his or her age and height. Child obesity is an important issue because the extra weight can lead children down the wrong path to health problems, such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and diabetes to name a few. Childhood obesity can cause children to become depressed and have poor self-esteemRead MoreObesity : Obesity And Obesity1334 Words   |  6 PagesHealth Factors Related to Obesity in Adolescence Childhood obesity is a worldwide epidemic that has increased dramatically over the past few years. There are many reasons this could be and research shows that as cultures are developing kids are spending more time indoors than being active outside. Technology is becoming so advanced that people are now able to play sports right from the comfort of his or her living room couch. Although these technological advancements are quite outstanding and has

Pico Paper Free Essays

Are kidney patients who received a radical nephrectomy at a higher risk of impaired renal function and cardiac related death compared to those who received a partial nephrectomy? Kiara Wilson Nursing 3163 Dr. Linda Upchurch November 12, 2012 Background Are kidney patients who received a partial nephrectomy at a lower risk of impaired renal function and cardiac related death compared to those who received a radical nephrectomy? When a patient is diagnosed with kidney damage, a surgical nephrectomy is often performed. Kidney damage may be caused by blocked blood vessels, kidney stones, masses, infection, and/or kidney cancer. We will write a custom essay sample on Pico Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now With this procedure the kidney damage may be treated and also prevent further damage. A partial nephrectomy is a surgical procedure to remove a portion of the kidney. Partial nephrectomies are normally done laparoscopically with hand assistance or with robot assistance. A radical nephrectomy involves removing the kidney and the adrenal glands. A radical nephrectomy may be done laparoscopically or by open abdominal surgery. My patient was diagnosed with damage of the left kidney. Blood tests were performed and the patient was found to have a toxic WBC granulation. This toxic granulation led infection, inflammation and sepsis. An abdominal and pelvic CT scan found a 7. 8 x 5. 6 x 6. 2 cm, solid, enhancing left lower pole renal mass and parasitic vessels in the infected area. A hand assisted partial laparoscopic nephrectomy was performed. They removed the lower portion of her left kidney. The kidney was to be tested for malignancy. The concern with my patient is that she has a past medical history of hypertension, anemia, and deep vein thrombosis. She is at an increased risk of further cardiac and renal complications. I believe these factors influenced the doctors’ decision to perform a partial nephrectomy instead of taking the radical approach. To find research on this kidney condition, I accessed the Galileo database. I searched for information on ways to treat renal masses and kidney cancer. I found multiple articles about laparoscopic and radical (open) nephrectomies. I found many articles that discussed the differences between the two and the affects they have on patients who receive them. I found an interesting study called â€Å"Partial Nephrectomy Is Associated with Improved Overall Survival Compared to Radical Nephrectomy in Patients with Unanticipated Benign Renal Tumours. I found it interesting because it was relevant to the health issues that were being addressed with my patient. There millions kidney patients who undergo these procedures each year. I wanted to discover which procedure provided the best outcome for my patient and others with similar kidney problems. Purpose According to this study, â€Å"a partial nephrectomy has been associated with improved overall survival in patients with localized renal ma sses compared to those who received a radical nephrectomy† (Weight, 2010). The purpose of this study is to test the overall survival rate of patients who had unanticipated renal masses. Another objective of this study is to also study the effect of these procedures on cardiac specific survival rates and other causes of death related to decreased kidney function. Hypothesis The hypothesis for this study are that the use of partial nephrectomies would be first line of treatment compared to radical nephrectomies in that partial nephrectomies provide better protection of renal function. Decreased renal function will lead to a low survival rate. Patients who undergo radical nephrectomies will have higher rate of cardiac related deaths Design A seven year, nonrandomized study was conducted using 499 participants. Of these 499 particiapants, 111 patients had received a radical nephrectomy while 388 patients received a partial nephrectomy. The choice of which surgery to do was left of the surgeon and the patient’s preferences. They took into consideration the mass size, the appearance, the patient’s current health, life expectancy and the comfort of the surgeon in making their decisions. The patient’s comorbidities were assessed using the Charlson-Romano Comorbidity Index. Each patient’s vital signs were acquired using the Social Security Death Index. Anyone without a Social Security Number was excluded. The cause of death information from the patients’ medical records was reviewed. From there the participants were further categorized by the condition that caused the death. Cardiac deaths ranged from death related to ischemic heart disease, CHF, ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and peripheral vascular disease. Renal deaths were broken down into death related to renal failure, renal insufficiency, or nephritic syndrome. All other possible causes of death were group together. Perioperative, postoperative data and renal function tests were collected before and after the procedures. Preoperative data was used to create the propensity model that was utilized in a multivariate model of survival. They measured the overall survival rate of the participants and cardiac specific survival rates. Findings Radical nephrectomies are greatly associated with an increased risk of death from any cause. Patients with unanticipated benign tumors that were treated with RN were more likely to die from any related health problem than those treated with PN. Participants who received a radical nephrectomy were more likely to be older, with high comorbidity scores, and larger tumors. Those with smaller masses and tumors were more likely to have a partial nephrectomy. Radical nephrectomies are associated with an increased risk of death by 2 folds from any cause. The risk of cardiovascular death was substantially higher in those with decreasing post-operative renal function. Decreased kidney function was related to an increase in cardiovascular death and death from any other cause in overall majority patients. Sixteen participants died of cardiac related deaths. Renal preservation was increased in the group that had the partial nephrectomy with majority of the patients having an eGFR above 60 %. Radical nephrectomy participants only had an eGFR of 30 % or lower. The higher eGFR is associated with an increase chance of survival in PN patients. Discussion Previous studies indicate that postoperative impaired renal function plays a role in the overall survival of patients with renal masses. The data concluded that no matter which surgery was performed there would be a decrease in kidney function. However, those patients who received a PN had a remarkable lower decrease in renal function. It can be stated that patients have decreased function are at an increased risk of cardiac related death and death by other causes. For many of those who don’t die from cardiac related death it can be concluded that other conditions that cause death are worsened by renal insufficiency. This study was relevant to the PICO question I asked. This study answered my question and provided the information necessary to make it a valid question. I believe the limitations to this study are that the researchers did not randomize their study. They picked which participants they thought would influence their study. The strengths of this article are that is discusses the importance of preserving renal function when performing a nephrectomy. It also provides evidence that patients should be educated on the risks of death and further complications associated with their procedures. It could allow for better planning and managing of the care for these patients. Implications As a nurse it would be my responsibility to knowledgeable about procedures such as these and how they will affect my patient. It would be my job to educate the patients on what to expect from this surgery and what it means for their health. I could also use this information to better assess patients before and after these procedures. This research provides material that could be used to better treat and prevent life threatening conditions that could arise after surgery. References Landman, D. (2006). Open Partial Nephrectomy. Retrieved November 9, 2012, from Kidney Cancer Institute: www. kidneycancerinstitute. com/open-partial-nephrec. html Landman, D. (2006). Open Radical Nephrectomy. Retrieved November 9, 2012, from Kidney Cancer Institute: www. kidneycancerinstitute. com/open-radical-nephrec. html Weight, C. J. , Leiser, G. (2010, April 29). Partial Nephrectomy Is Associated with Improved Overall Survival. EUROPEAN UROLOGY, 58, 293-298. Evaluation (to be completed by instructor)| Possible Points| Actual Points| Introduction of clinical problemComments:| 20| | Purpose/Aim of the study/articleComments:| 10| | Theoretical framework of the study/articleComments:| n/a| | Hypotheses/QuestionsComments:| 5| | DesignComments:| 5| | FindingsComments:| 10| | DiscussionComments:| 25| | ImplicationsComments:| 20| | ReferencesComments:| 5| | Grade| 100/100| /100| PICO Paper Grading Rubric (submit, along with PICO OAT form, with your paper) Student Name: _Kiara Wilson______________Date: November 12, 2012_____________ Are kidney patients who received a radical nephrectomy at a higher risk of impaired renal function and cardiac related death compared to those who received a partial nephrectomy? How to cite Pico Paper, Essay examples

Educational Psychology

Question: Discuss about the Educational Psychology. Answer: Bronfenbrenners Bioecological Model of Development discusses the influences of the environment during the various phases of a child's growth and how each influence shapes the personality of child along the growth curve. Joseph Schooling's is an example of how good parenting, selection of the right schools and coaches during his formative years helped him achieve the goal of sporting excellence. It is important to note that the right genetic makeup may help the child to achieve brilliance and the careful choice of the various components of the environment help the gifted reach their goals with greater success. Bronfenbrenner described four components of child's ecological environment- the microsystem, the mesosystem, the exosystem and the macrosystem. The microsystem refers to the immediate layer or environment of the child's ecosystem. Family members, school, neighbourhood and the day care comprise the child's microsystem. The child interacts with people in this system on an everyday basis. But the influences are bi-directional in nature. Just as the parents influence the child's beliefs and thinking, the child also influences the beliefs of the parents. In an interview with Joseph Schoolings parents said that no matter how good an environment parents provide to the child, success ensues only if the child is focussed and that they were fortunate that their remained focussed throughout his journey to become an Olympic champion. The choice of the school that Joseph Schoolings' parents made when he was just 14 years of age played a great role in shaping the sports career of the accomplished swimmer. The Bolles School was chosen for him because it served the twin goals of facilitating his training as a swimmer and academics (Association, March 30, 2015). Joseph was able to make the most of the opportunity because he was a resilient kid. It was not an easy path for him because he struggled in the beginning since he was far from his home, school and friends in Singapore. It amounted to a sudden change in his microsystem (360, January 30, 2014). His parents did not protect him from the challenges he faced but were supportive of him. Another point that stands out is that Joseph's parents advised him to adhere to formal education. His move from school to Texas University was one such move. Joseph admits that a career in swimming is rather short and the education he receives will offer him opportunities much beyond his years in swimming. The mesosystem, according to Brofenbrenner encompasses the interactions between the components of the microsystem, for example, the interaction between parents and teachers. The careful choice of coaches in case of Joseph Schooling points to such an interaction (Bronfenbrenner, 1986). According to Bronfenbrenner's bioecological model of development the next layer that impacts a child's development is the exosystem. How the environment is perceived by an individual has immense impact on the way it affects the development of a person. The child does not directly function as part of the exosystem. The working schedule of a parent is not a prt of the child's ecosystem, but it does affect the child's development. cultural values, traditions, customs and laws form part of the macrosystem in which the child lives. Indirectly it affects the child's ecology and has an impact on shaping of a child's development. The components of the macrosystem can affect the microsystem in which the child's parents interact with her. he influence of Genetics on the superlative performance by Joseph Schooling cannot be undermined (Ahmetov Rogozkin, 2009). He has also acknowledged his parents for their unfailing support throughout the journey that saw him win the first Olympic gold medal for Singapore. Their role as motivators, providers and their readiness to make several sacrifices during his career have been important cornerstones of Joseph's success (Sin Li, 2017). They identified his talent as early as age 6 and nurtured his gift in the run-up to long and tedious journey that saw him beat Michael Phelps, a role model he had always admired. In Joseph Schooling's case the manner in which his natural talent was nurtured from very young age played a crucial role in his success. His immediate microenvironment was altered by sending him to the United States at an early age. It appears less likely that he would have achieved similar levels of success had he been trained in Singapore. The move enabled him to face world level competition frequently from a young age. World class trainers and coaches were able to help him lift his ability to the top echelons of the sport of swimming (Joseph Baker, et al., 2003). Even with the same levels of discipline, grit, motivation and focus his success on training on the home turf may not have materialised. So, nurture did play an important part in his success story. In conclusion, the four systems of Bronfenbrenner bioecological model of development do appear to influence the development of an individual through childhood and youth. The microsystem, mesosystem, the exosystem and the macrosystem appear to play an important role in who one grows up to become. The influence of the surrounding environment on a child is immense. The impact of the family, school, neighbourhood and the child care on the child cannot be small, since the child constantly interacts, communicates and learns in this environment. The shaping of Joseph Schooling's sports career on an international stage the inputs made to his microsystem appear to have yielded the enormous success in his sporting career. The role of his parents s mentors was indeed phenomenal. References 360, H., January 30, 2014. The Schooling Family talks to SuperSports 360 on fine art of parenting a top athlete. [Online] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PkhaHYfe5fs Ahmetov, I. Rogozkin, V., 2009. Genes, athlete status and training -- An overview.. Medicine and Sports Science, Volume 54, pp. 43-71. Association, S. S., March 30, 2015. Joseph Schooling's Development at The Bolles School. [Online] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fzt6ckNC0y0 [Accessed 11 February 2017]. Bronfenbrenner, U., 1986. Ecology of the Family as a Context for Human Development: Research Perspectives. Developmental Psychology, 22(6), pp. 723-742. Joseph Baker, ?. S. H. J. R.-W. a. M. W. B. J., Horton, S., Robertson-Wilson, J. Wall, M., 2003. Nurturing Sport Expertise: Factors Influencing the Development of Elite Athlete. Journl of Sports Science and Medicine, 2(1), p. 19.. Sin, Y. Li, T., 2017. ST Singaporean of the Year 2016: Joseph Schooling pays tribute to parents after trio win award. The Straits Times, 7 February.

A Quiz About Clarity

A Quiz About Clarity A Quiz About Clarity A Quiz About Clarity By Mark Nichol Writers usually don’t mean to be duplicitous when they write one thing when they mean another; it’s just that what they intended to communicate is not what they communicated. The following sentences demonstrate some of the types of misunderstandings that result from careless composition. Try your hand at repairing the damage, and then take a look at my solutions at the bottom of the page: 1. â€Å"The postwar suburban ideal was a Cadillac and a fur coat like a movie star.† 2. â€Å"His legacy was also one of social revolutionary, humanitarian, and artist.† 3. â€Å"A letter can be mailed via the Pony Express reenactors for the 1860 price of $5.† 4. â€Å"That established history is being challenged by a rare book collector and author, John Doe and Jane Smith.† 5. â€Å"Although DNA testing is highly effective, those involved in criminal investigations do not always use it because of its high cost.† Answers 1. The sentence implies that the ideal was ownership of two things: a Cadillac, and a fur coat that resembles a movie star. We know it means possessing a Cadillac and a fur coat, as movie stars were wont to do, but the sentence fails because it doesn’t explicitly state that. This revision does: â€Å"The postwar suburban ideal was driving a Cadillac and wearing a fur coat, like a movie star.† 2. The subject’s legacy cannot be that of someone with these identities, but it can be associated with that of such a person: â€Å"His legacy was that of a social revolutionary, humanitarian, and artist.† 3. The final phrase of this sentence lacks clarity. The point is that in 1860, sending a letter by Pony Express cost $5, and that today, for the same amount a more modest total than it was about 150 years ago one can send a letter on a commemorative ride carried out by reenactors. The sentence should be revised to make this relationship clearer: â€Å"A letter can be mailed via the Pony Express reenactors for the same fee it cost in 1860: $5.† 4. As written, this sentence suggests that the challenger is a book collector and author who is rare, and that the person’s name is John Doe and Jane Smith. Hyphenating rare and book to demonstrate that they team up to modify collector, and recasting the sentence to join each single epithet to the respective name, makes all clear: â€Å"That established history is being challenged by a rare-book collector, John Doe, and author Jane Smith.† 5. DNA testing is not always used of its high cost? Then why is it always used? Back up a little bit the sentence means that DNA testing’s high cost restricts the frequency of its use. This important distinction is conveyed with the simple reversal of two phrases and the insertion of a comma between them: â€Å"Although DNA testing is highly effective, because of its high cost, those involved in criminal investigations do not always use it.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How Many Tenses in English?50 Idioms About Fruits and VegetablesI wish I were...

Pros and Cons of Joining a Teachers Union

Pros and Cons of Joining a Teachers Union One decision that a new teacher may face is whether or not they should join a teachers union. In some cases, it is not a choice at all. In eighteen states, it is legal to force teachers to support a union by requiring teachers who are not members to pay a fee to a union as a condition of continued employment. Those states include Alaska, California, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Illinois, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Washington, and Wisconsin. In the other states, it becomes an individual choice as to whether or not you want to join a teachers union. It ultimately comes down to whether or not you believe the pros of joining a teachers union outweigh the cons. Advantages There are many valid reasons that you should consider joining a union. Those can include: Teachers unions can provide legal protection and advice. In todays lawsuit-happy society, this protection alone can be worth becoming a member.Teachers unions provide support, guidance, and advice. Most teachers unions have a helpline that its members can call to seek counsel in a variety of areas.Teachers unions allow you a voice in hot educational trends, debates, and topics that you feel strongly about.Joining a teachers union gives power to the bargaining position of the union for contract and labor negotiations.Teachers unions provide several discount program opportunities, including life insurance benefits, credit card opportunities, mortgage assistance, etc.They often offer terrific professional development opportunities for members. Even if you live in a state where they cannot legally force your hand to join a union, you may find yourself being pressured to do so by other teachers. This is because teachers unions are a powerful entity. There is strength in numbers. The more members a union has, the bigger voice they have. Unions to Join Deciding what union you join is typically dictated by the district in which you work. Usually, when you join a local union, you join the state and national affiliated with that union. Most districts are entrenched with one affiliate and so it can be tough to join another one. The two biggest national unions include: National Education Association (NEA) - It is the largest education union in the United States. It is typically referred to as Democratic in its ideology. It was formed in 1857.American Federation of Teachers (AFT) - It is the second largest educational union in the United States. It is typically referred to as Republican in its ideology. It was formed in 1916. Not Just for Teachers Most teachers unions offer membership to a variety of roles within schools. Those include teachers (including higher education faculty/staff), administrators, educational support professionals (custodians, maintenance, bus drivers, cafeteria personnel, administrative assistants, school nurses, etc.), retired teachers, college students in education programs, and substitute teachers. Disadvantages In states where you are not essentially forced to join a teachers union, then it becomes an individual choice as to whether you want to join a union or not. There are several reasons that an individual may not choose to join a union. These include: You dont agree with union politics. As mentioned before, the NEA is typically a Democratic association while the AFT is typically a Republican association. Sometimes individuals do not agree with those political stances or a particular stance the union takes on an issue that often does not have anything to do with education. Teachers who have political views contrary to the positions taken by unions may not want to support the union.Union fees are expensive. Most teachers are already cashed strapped, particularly first-year teachers. Every little bit can help, so many teachers feel like the value of joining a union and its benefits are not worth the monetary costs.You don’t believe you need it. Some teachers believe that they do not need the services provided by a teachers union and that there are not enough benefits to warrant holding membership.

LR growth, Economic Fluctuations, US Stabilization Policy Term Paper

LR growth, Economic Fluctuations, US Stabilization Policy - Term Paper Example In addition, inadequate financial institutions, political instability, high level of risk, and dictatorship in governance like showcased by Zimbabwe inhibit economic development. The above discussed factors inhibit capital inflows into the developing countries. This offers an explanation why the developing world will never economically develop as compared to the developed economies. Lastly, the policies of these countries discourage domestic saving, thus lowering the rate of capital accumulation. The reduced domestic savings leads to low level of investment. thus reduced level of capital stock in the countries. An increase in the level of savings increases the total output in the short-run, but in the long run it increases the ratio of capital to labor thus leading to decrease in returns on capital. This in turn results to capital outflow instead of inflow. Economic Fluctuations The phrase business cycles refer to economic cycles or fluctuations that are experienced by economic activ ity of a certain state. There two main theories that have been propagated to explain how business cycles work; New Keynesian and the real business cycle theory, these two theories differ a lot as discussed below. New Keynesian models New Keynesian models view, business cycles as reflection of a possibility of the economy being in equilibrium in the short run where such points of equilibrium are above or below the full employment level. Therefore, when the economy is operating below the full employment level, then unemployment arises. New Keynesian economist believes business cycles results from fluctuations of effective demand. Effective demand can be classified as consumption demand and investment demand that is amount resources demand for consumption and for... The researcher states that from the discussion, that was presented in this term paper, it cannot be disputed that the differences in levels of capital stock between the developed countries like USA and the Western Europe and developing countries in the sub-Saharan Africa leads to differences in economic development. In this paper, the researcher aims to consider countries like Zimbabwe, Rwanda, Kenya and Somali to compare the level of economic development in these countries to that of USA and Western Europe. The actions of these countries’ national governments determine level of capital inflows that these countries experience. In these sub –Saharan countries, they often experience political unrest that happened in Kenya in the year 2007/2008. These areas are also war prone, such as the 1994 Rwanda genocide and the civil war currently in Somali. In addition, inadequate financial institutions, political instability, high level of risk, and dictatorship in governance inhib it economic development. The factors, that were discussed in this term paper inhibit capital inflows into the developing countries. This offers an explanation why the developing world will never economically develop as compared to the developed economies. Although, opponents of the measures presented in this paper, argue that the amount of money in circulation will increase thus eroding the value of the domestic currency. It is concluded that such measures will trigger investments that will offset effects of increase in money supply.

Prospects and Practices in Educational Tourism Essay

Prospects and Practices in Educational Tourism - Essay Example The researcher states that Singapore receives thousands of visitors on educational tours from a wide variety of nations and cultures. It has several places of attractions for the educational tourists. Singapore has meaningful and beneficial tie-ups with countries such as Abu Dhabi and China which demonstrates that the future of education tourism in Singapore is promising. While the majority of the educational visitors are teenagers, there is ample scope for Singapore to attract adults and businessmen. Hence, proper segmentation and promotion has to be looked into. However, as in every trade and sector, corruption, misuse and competition has entered the educational tourism market also. Both education and tourism have grown as industries in the recent decades and this is the reason that both these sectors are important from the social as well as the economic perspective. Education and tourism promote international exchange and learning and these are the two sectors on which would rest the success, growth and economic prosperity of nations. Changes in both these industries have taken place which has seen a convergence of these two industries. Education facilitates mobility and learning and this has become an important part of the tourist experience. However, despite both these industries growing independently, very little theoretical writing is available on the convergence – educational tourism. Educational tourism is â€Å"tourist activity undertaken by those who are undertaking an overnight vacation and those who are undertaking an excursion for whom education and learning is a primary or secondary part of their trip†. Educational tourism is a novel method of acquiring knowledge which involves traveling to a foreign location and enrolling short term courses in a specified field or subject. In the process, the individual also learns about the history and culture of the country, including its lifestyle and architecture.

The Metamorphosis Symbolism

The Metamorphosis Symbolism The opening line of the story is shocking and bizarre. One morning, upon awakening from agitated dreams, Gregor Samsa found himself, in his bed, transformed into a monstrous vermin. In other words, Gregor is transformed overnight from a human being into a bug. Although it is unclear whether this metamorphosis is literal or figurative, this transformation is undoubtedly the focus of the entire story. Gregors lack of anxiety or panic upon recognizing his dreadful predicament is noteworthy. His conclusion that taking a later train to work will solve his problem is amusing. Taken literally, becoming an insect is reason to panic. His reaction suggests that the metamorphosis was subconscious; he did not literally change into a bug but rather gradually realized his status and felt like a bug. Eventually, however, Gregor realizes that he is just being used by his family. After this reality sinks in, symbolized by his agitated dreams, Gregory actually feels like a bug. He recognizes his isolation and alienation from society. The grand metamorphosis takes place, and eventually Gregor experiences a complete role reversal. He tries to catch the next train to work and to continue as he had before his realization. However, Gregor is so distraught that he cannot bring himself to get out of bed. Subconsciously he can no longer tolerate his familys treatment of him. However, it is only after his oversleeping that Gregor can begin to acknowledge his wasteful existence. Gregors oversleeping through agitated dreams represents his resentment of his pathetic situation. Before his transformation he would quickly jump out of bed to continue his miserable life without considering an alternative lifestyle. In his sleep however he is afforded the opportunity to momentarily escape life to contemplate his inner turmoil. The agitated dreams represent his pitiable existence; the oversleeping serves as the initial stage of Gregor recognizing this existence. Gregor is not the only character in this story that experiences a transformation. His parents and his sister are forced to change as well in order to adapt to their new circumstances. Upon realizing Gregors metamorphosis, his family leaves him in his room and isolates him, just as they had done in the past. His mother cant stand the sight of him, and they separate further. Gregors father is forced to return to work and thereby assumes the role of supporting the family. As long as Gregor was working, his father was unwilling to pursue a career; rather, he was content to let Gregor support the family all by himself. Thus, Gregors working allows Mr. Samsa to sit home all day doing nothing. It is only through Gregors inability to work that his father is forced to assume the role of supporting the family. Consequently, Gregors sickness and death facilitates his fathers career development. In his sickness, even his father cannot stand the sight of him and in disgust fatally wounds Gregor by throwing an apple at him. Kafka uses the apple to make a biblical allusion to symbolize the apple from the tree of knowledge. The apple represents Gregors awareness of his pitiful existence. His father throws the apple at him to show that Gregor is being rejected by his family. This new reality of alienation and isolation drives him to his ultimately fatal mental state. His fathers unhealthy dependence on his son leads Gregor to feel estranged. This alienation causes Gregor to manifest his feelings of worthlessness and isolation in a way that would affect his body. This mental breakdown eventually drives Gregor mad leading to his untimely death. Unlike Mr. Samsa, Gregorys sister cares for him and attempts to nurse him back to health by providing him with food and encouragement. However, even she is unable to put up with him after a while. She comments that the bug cannot possibly be Gregor as if it were he would have realized long ago that human beings cannot possibly live with such an animal and he would have left of his own accord. At that point, being completely stripped of his humanity and being, completely rejected by his family, Gregors transformation to a bug is complete. Ironically, Gregors miserable life of serving his family is better than the alternative. Once he can no longer provide for his family, life was not worth living. After Gregor is dead, the Samsas are relieved, and they make plans for their daughter to get married. As long as Gregor was alive, his family is unable to proceed through life and move on. Rather, they depended on Gregor for everything and made no effort to be productive. Their troubled relationship with Gregor was thereby harmful to the entire family. The numerous transformations in The Metamorphosis emphasize the importance of maintaining healthy relationships. The dysfunctional Samsa household relies on their son Gregory to support the entire family. This ridiculous role reversal not only causes Gregor to have a mental breakdown, but also prevents the rest of his family from pursuing their own careers. Only after Gregorys death is his family able to move on with life. Kafka uses the transformations in The Metamorphosis to reinforce the importance of maintaining healthy relationships. When people get caught in abusive relationships, their entire families fall apart. The important lessons that Kafka teaches in The Metamorphosis continue to have relevance today.

Charismatic leadership style of mahatma gandhi Essay

Introduction Mahatma Gandhi was one of the most important person and charismatic leader in the history of India as he was he only one who is considered as the founder of our nation. He was the self made leader, he was not having any career in his life, no fame was gained by him, he was also not so rich an average looking man but still he was the father of the country. Mahatma Gandhi gave right ways and positive thoughts to many people in the nation, he make them teach what he actually practice in his real life, he was called as the great symbol of truth by the public of our nation. It was due to rule of British in India which made him to fight against them and for this he needed to guide the Indian citizens to fight against them this made him to become the absolute leader and to use evil practices against the British. It was the period during which he was in South Africa working on some legal work their which he was subjected to abuse , but then he realizes how the Indians in their home land were badly treated and beaten by the British which was subjected to cruel abuse. To fight against the British people Gandhi took many ways which he called as practices in all over India which were non violence, truth and bravery. This whole practices were named by Indians as Satyagraha and which was having a big meaning among the Indians. The practice of Satyagraha was done all over Indian was used against corruption, non- violence, civil defense. Mahatma Gandhi thought that doing such practices will only help them to have proper control over social and political rulings. It was because of his charisma that he many Indian were devoted towards Mahatma Gandhi and due to which they were following practice of Satyagraha without any fear. Through the practice of Satyagraha Gandhi Ji followed the fight for independence from British which was considered as a big fight in whole world during that period of time. During his fight for  independence Gandhi Ji advice his Indian to use the non- vio lence fight against the British which generally consists boycotting the practices of British and not accepting the use of British products in India. It was his intelligence, leadership qualities and charm nature which helped many Indians to fight against the British by the use non- violence practice. Since Mahatma Gandhi was very devoted towards his home land and towards its country people that he was ready to die for them anytime that is why he was the main point of attraction among the hearts of Indian people and that’s why people of India were also ready to die for Gandhi Ji anytime anywhere. HELPERT†S DIMENSIONS OF CHARISMA Transformational leadership President of South Africa stated bout Gandhi Ji â€Å"You produce a Lawyer and we produce a Leader out of you†. This first evident that makes him great leader was in South Africa when was thrown out of first class compartment on the basis that he was an Indian and Indians were treated as lower class people in South Africa and this is just because of color of Indian people. This intolerant behavior towards Indians opened his eyes and showed how his country people are treated. This thinking intended him to fight against racism for equal rights of Indian people. This further led him to a great fighter in India and he was also a great leader in the hearts of Indian people. According to Bass (1985) transformational leaders generally consists of distinctive attractive behavior that includes sacrificing personal gains for the advantage of the group setting common example for followers and demonstrating high model standards. Leadership style of Gandhi Ji clearly shows the presence of transformational leadership. As an example his followers were intended by him, have trust in him, love him, were loyal to him and revert him. Transformational leaders also charm to higher values like equality, freedom, right decision and peace. Gandhi Ji was mainly known for these leadership styles and fought for his entire life following these values and taken stand for these values. Gandhi ji leadership styles throughout his life encouraged his followers to follow this practice of non-violence fight and also to fight in unity. During their fight for  freedom thousands of his followers were sent to jail and were also beaten badly and treated brutally. Example: Many of his followers were gathered for the Salt March which was followed by a non- violence practice but then also British officers beat them badly with sticks. Then also they did not follow the path of violence because they had a great respect of Gandhi Ji and his practices of non- violence, equality and unity. 1. Accordi ng to Ferrin and Dirks transformational leadership is strongly associated with trust in the leader. According to Bass, transformational leaders consists the following behaviors: Idealized influence This nature arouses active and powerful follower emotions and identification with the leader. Gandhi was successful in motivating and influencing lots of people as a result he was the person of his words, and continuously practices what he preached. He was a task model for lots of common people and won their respect and trust through his practice. He expressed hg model conducts, non-violence, cooperation (voluntary imporvinshment), commitment and endurance so as to achieve India’s independence. Intellectual Stimulation This behavior will increase follower awareness of issues and forces followers to look at issues from a new view point. Gandhi Ji was perpetually supportive of his believers and inspired them to think broadly as well as frankly, raise queries and solve issues. He was willing to simply accept wrong doing and mistakes and wasn’t ashamed to discard a method that didn’t worked as plan. For example: Gandhi Ji asked for the shut off his non- violence campaign just because sum of his subordinates were using violence methods to fight against British in that case instead of going against them he asked for the closure of the campaign. Individualized Consideration This includes giving support, training and inspiration to followers. Gandhi Ji was very supportive to his followers as an example he with patience listen to the problems and considerations of the poor with regard to their ability to keep our support because of British policies. Gandhi Ji was also very supportive of different leaders like national leader and Vallabhbhai Patel. He nurtures them inspired them to share concepts and even authorized them to create choices, never creating them feel addicted to him. Inspirational Motivation This type of leadership includes human action and appealing vision and making use of symbols to focus subordinates effort. Gandhi Ji stood by his personal values and systematically delivered his vision of independence by openly exchanging his vision and using symbols like the Salt Satyagraha Movement, he guided his believers with the way right meaning that successfully impressed them to stay idealistic and increase their effort. Gandhi’s Power and Influence Tactics 1. Referent Power Referent power is also called as: Charismatic power Personal Power Power of personality When a leader is respect, admired and influentially followed by others. As we have already discussed in transformational leadership Gandhi Ji was respected by his followers and having a two way relationship between him and his followers. An important leader is given respect only when two way communications is followed and Gandhi Ji believed in this way of communication that’s why he was a great leader. Gandhi ji constantly proved to be a role model and is behavior consistent with the moral principles he predicate. Qualities of Mahatma Gandhi as a Referent Leader Honest and considerate to others Unselfish intentions Role model Used the process of internalization to influence his followers Many of the followers of Gandhi Ji were influenced by stimulating their values of self  respect, justice and freedom to fight against British. At certain points personal identification was also considered. For example Jawaharlal Nehru was initially influenced by Gandhi Ji as he used to western wear clothes and looking at the style and dressing sense of Gandhi Ji he also started wearing Khadi clothes. Similarly many followers of Gandhi ji boycotted the western style wearing and opted for khadi dressing like Gandhi Ji. According to (2010) power is the capacity to attract the nature and attitude of people in the direction desired. With an exclusive charming and attractive practices followed by Gandhi Ji empowered him with high referent power. He was able to maintain his power by expressing care towards the needs of the public by showing trust and treating people equally. Due to his high level of personal sincerity and pers istent values allowed him to maintain his referent power. 2. Expert Power Since Gandhi Ji was a good lawyers as he has completed hi law from South Africa and was aware of all the rules and regulations of the government. Due to his expert knowledge also the member of Indian national congress and later join the British Indian community in the Transvaal where he fought against restriction on Indian trade he always follows the rules and regulations in correct direction and his entire practices were legal there were no illegal practices followed by him. Due to his non-violence and expert power his followers were also influenced by his practices and used to follow his path. 3. Job Involvement Gandhi Ji always encouraged for ethical practices during his lifetime which are: Truth and love Self Discipline Abolition of untouchability Dependency(Weaving his own clothes) Gandhi Ji always had a high influence on people because of the above mentioned characteristics of his leadership. Gandhi Ji mainly shows interest  for others rather than focusing on self interest also called altruistic behavior. In order to influence his followers in the direction of non- violence he did fast for several days. During that period he not even thought about his health and food, he suffered a lot till he gets the desired result of his fast. Gandhi Ji become as a leader of masses from the leader of community when Gandhi ji was in South Africa he fought in suit and tie but when he came to India he adopted the situation realizing in India and wore clothes of a peasant, weaved his own clothes and lived in a small house. He was always under control of situations and having effective negotiation skills while dealing with British authorities. Conclusion Gandhi shows the transformation of a standard man into a legendary leader. It shows how conditions will inspire someone to fight against injustice and difference. Gandhi’s style of leadership proves that to attain a required and decent end, suggests that must be equally sensible. Gandhi had a vision that was accepted by his followers. His personal practices led to India to be free from Britishers. His involvement and interest towards the poor people of society is memorable and peerless. His teaching of non violence is extremely abundant relevant even in today’s world. For the contribution and sacrifices he created for the India’s independence, upliftment of poor people, contribution towards woman encouragement and unity among completely different religions, he has been given the title of ‘Mahatma’ by his nation and is named as ‘Bapu’ that’s Father of the nation. References http://www.mahatma.com/php/showContent.php?linkid=9 http://www.youthforhumanrights.org/voices-for-human-rights/champions/mahatma-gandhi.html https://sites.google.com/site/leadershipmasters/powers-of-leadership http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080725175352AAz0Fqu http://www.unpost.org/mahatma-gandhi-soft-leadership/ http://www.etudier.com/dissertations/Gandhi-And-His-Leadership-Style/206087

Observing Non-Verbal Communication

Non-verbal communication is the process of communicating that is characterized by the absence of words but rather communicating, sending and receiving messages via bodily language, styles, and symbols. I tried to observe this type of communication in the park with a particular male and female as a target subjects. A young man, possibly 20 yrs of age and a woman, more or less of the same age group, were ‘conversing’ in the park at 5 PM in the afternoon. I use the term ‘conversation’ loosely here. Using the concept of proxemics, parks would be classified under the group, public territory, but I note that, generally speaking, such places would have no control on the behavior of the people; people there would exceed territorial rights with regards to their behavior. Without thoughtful analysis, the first idea that had entered my head was that the man and the woman were in a relation but apparently I cannot make a concluding statement about this. Physical appearances suggest informal relations as suggested by their casual appearances. Both were wearing pants with the female wearing a pink tank top and the male wearing a faded statement shirt. There is a high possibility that their meeting was not business or work associated. I disregarded Monochromatic time schedule in favor of Poly-chronic time schedule since the subjects conversation and appearances were evidently personal. Kinesic communication of the subjects— facial expressions, body movements, gestures, and posture ­Ã¢â‚¬â€reveal one important thing; the subject’s conversation was neither intimate but rather harried, constrained and angry. There was an obvious lack of touch between the two which would denote ‘friendship’ or ‘love’. The woman was gesticulating her hands wildly, and at some point in time, she was waving her right hand at the right empty space indicating that she was ‘emphasizing’ something to the man. Her shoulders were not slumped but rather posed upwards indicating a highly constrained emotion. Her feet was braced apart and she walking around wildly. Her face was clearly angry; her brows were drawn together in a frown and most probably her nostrils were growing bigger or flaring up, with her irises dilating indicating, a high emotional state. The sides of her mouth were slanted downwards as she was talking clearly indicating a negative emotion. Her curly hair was moving with the movement of her mouth. Blood was rushing to her face which makes her face really look red indeed. When the male was talking, she was ‘rolling her eyes’, indicating mockery and disbelief to what the person was saying. She was intentionally trying or trying to appear like she was not listening to the other person was saying when she was looking away at the other direction. The male subject was equally angry. His stance, shoulders upwards were poised for a fight but he was defensive as indicated by the arms that were crossed high on his chest. When he was not talking, his lips were drawn in tight line and he was highly attentive what the female was saying because ‘he did not remove his eyes from her’. His eyes were in slits, indicating anger and at some point, he was also gesticulating his hands indicating that he was forcefully explaining something to the female. I observed that proxemics for the park as a space was clearly loosely defined as to the public territorial usage; the subjects were clearly using the space for ‘personal’ purposes. Movement and body position of my subjects hinges towards negative emotional responses, ost specially that of charged anger. The subjects exhibited negative attitudes, and mostly involuntary non-verbal communication. All messages transmitted between the two were conscous and deliberate and not subliminal; their conversation was intended to say something and both were equally aware of it. Bibliography Argyle, M. (1988). Bodily Communication. Madison: International UP.

Chronology of Easter Island Important Events on Rapa Nui

An absolute agreed-upon Easter Island chronology—a timeline for the events that happened on the island of Rapa Nui—has long been an issue among scholars. Easter Island, also known as Rapa Nui, is a tiny island in the Pacific Ocean, thousands of kilometers away from its nearest neighbors. The events that happened there make it an icon of environmental degradation and collapse. Easter Island is often given as a metaphor, a dire warning for all of human life on our planet. Many of the details of its chronology have been hotly debated, particularly the time of arrival and dating and causes of the societys collapse, but recent scholarly research in the 21st century has allowed me the confidence to compile this timeline. Timeline Up until recently, ​the  dating of all events at Easter Island was under debate, with some researchers arguing the original colonization took place anytime between 700 and 1200 AD. Most were agreed that major deforestation--removal of the palm trees—took place over a period of about 200 years, but again, the timing ranged between 900 and 1400 AD. Firm dating of the initial colonization at 1200 AD has resolved much of that debate. The following timeline has been compiled from scholarly research on the island since 2010. Citations in parentheses are provided below. 2013 Tourism levels about 70,000 people visit annually (cited in Hamilton)1960s First commercial airplanes land on the island (Hamilton)1853 Easter Island made a Chilean National Park (Hamilton)1903-1953 Entire island used extensively to raise sheep, people moved into the only town (Hamilton)1888 Rapanui annexed by Chile (Commendador, Hamilton, Moreno-Mayar)1877 Census shows only 110 people descended from the original colonists left (Hamilton, Comendador, Tyler-Smith)1860s Peruvian slave trade (Tromp, Moreno-Mayar)1860s Jesuit missionaries arrive (Stevenson)1722 Dutch captain Jakob Roggeveen lands on Easter Island, bringing diseases with him. , Easter Island population estimated at 4,000 (Moreno-Mayor)1700 Deforestation completed (Comendador, Larsen, Stevenson)1650-1690 Peak in agricultural land use (Stevenson)1650 Stone quarrying stops (Hamilton)1550-1650 Highest population levels and most levels of rock gardening (Ladefoged, Stevenson)1400 Rock gardens first in use (Ladefoged)1280- 1495 First genetic evidence on island for contact with South America (Malaspinas, Moreno-Mayar)1300s-1650 Gradual intensification of horticultural land use (Stevenson)1200 Initial colonization by Polynesians (Larsen, Moreno-Mayar, Stevenson) Most of the outstanding chronology issues about Rapanui involve the processes of collapse: in 1772, when Dutch sailors landed on the island, they reported there were 4,000 people living on Easter Island. Within a century, there were only 110 descendants of the original colonists left on the island. Sources Commendador AS, Dudgeon JV, Finney BP, Fuller BT, and Esh KS. 2013. A stable isotope (d13C and d15N) perspective on human diet on rapa nui (Easter Island) ca. AD 1400-1900. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 152(2):173-185. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.22339Hamilton S. 2013. Rapa Nui (Easter Island)s Stone Worlds. Archaeology International 16:96-109.Hamilton S, Seager Thomas M, and Whitehouse R. 2011. Say it with stone: constructing with stones on Easter Island. World Archaeology 43(2):167-190. doi: 10.1080/00438243.2011.586273Ladefoged TN, Flaws A, and Stevenson CM. 2013. The distribution of rock gardens on Rapa Nui (Easter Island) as determined from satellite imagery. Journal of Archaeological Science 40(2):1203-1212. doi: 10.1016/j.jas.2012.09.006Malaspinas A-S, Lao O, Schroeder H, Rasmussen M, Raghavan M, Moltke I, Campos PF, Sagredo FS, Rasmussen S, Gonà §alves VF et al. 2014. Two ancient human genomes reveal Polynesian ancestry among the indigenous Botocudos of Brazil. Current Bio logy 24(21):R1035-R1037. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2014.09.078Moreno-Mayar JV, Rasmussen S, Seguin-Orlando A, Rasmussen M, Liang M, Flà ¥m Siri  T, Lie Benedicte  A, Gilfillan Gregor  D, Nielsen R, Thorsby E et al. 2014. Genome-wide Ancestry Patterns in Rapanui Suggest Pre-European Admixture with Native Americans. Current Biology 24(21):2518-2525. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2014.09.057Stevenson CM, Puleston CO, Vitousek PM, Chadwick OA, Haoa S, and Ladefoged TN. 2015. Variation in Rapa Nui (Easter Island) land use indicates production and population peaks prior to European contact. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Early Edition. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1420712112Tromp M, and Dudgeon JV. 2015. Differentiating dietary and non-dietary microfossils extracted from human dental calculus: the importance of sweet potato to ancient diet on Rapa Nui. Journal of Archaeological Science 54(0):54-63. doi: 10.1016/j.jas.2014.11.024Tyler-Smith C. 2014. Human Genetics: Pre-Columbian Pacific Contact . Current Biology 24(21):R1038-R1040. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2014.09.019